Glossary
From Plan4all
Glossary of terms | Thesauruses/Dictionaries/... | Acronyms
Contents |
A
application
Manipulation and processing of data in support of user requirements.
[ ISO 19101 ]
application schema
Conceptual schema for data required by one or more applications.
[ ISO 19101 ]
B
bag
Finite, unordered collection of related items (objects or values) that may be repeated
Note: Logically, a bag is a set of pairs <item, count>.
[ ISO 19107 ]
boundary
Set that represents the limit of an entity.
[ ISO 19107 ]
buffer
Geometric object that contains all direct positions whose distance from a specified geometric object is
less than or equal to a given distance.
[ ISO 19107 ]
C
circular sequence
Sequence which has no logical beginning and is therefore equivalent to any circular shift of itself; hence the
last item in the sequence is considered to precede the first item in the sequence.
[ ISO 19107 ]
class
Description of a set of objects that share the same attributes, operations, methods, relationships, and
semantics.
[ ISO/TS 19103 ]
E
environmental planning
Environmental planning is a relatively new discipline aiming at merging the practice of urban/regional planning with the concerns of environmentalism. Environmental planning concerns both urban/metropolitan and rural/natural areas. Environmental planning considers a full range of environmental regulations from the European to the local level.
[ CEMAT ]
G
governmental level
Governmental levels correspond to territorial/administrative units where an elected assembly, together with its own administration, is established.
Note: In decentralised countries, three or four governmental levels generally exist, while in more centralised countries, no more than two levels (national and local) can be found.
[ CEMAT ]
L
land management
Land management can be defined as the process of managing the use and development of land resources in a sustainable way.
Note:As land resources are used for a variety of purposes which interact and may compete with one another, all land uses should be planned and managed in an integrated manner. Land management is closely related to land-use planning and physical planning. Land management may also comprise the activity of land assembly (purchase of land by public authorities to facilitate future land uses such as the protection of natural areas or the development of land for specific purposes, such as housing or infrastructure).
[ CEMAT ]
landscape
An area, as perceived by people, whose character is the result of the action and interaction of natural and/or human factors.
[ ELC ]
landscape planning
Landscape planning is an activity involving both public and private professionals, aiming at the creation, conservation, enhancement and restoration of landscapes at various scales, from greenways and public parks to large areas, such as forests, large wilderness areas and reclamation of degraded landscapes such as mines or landfills.
Note: Landscape planning encompasses a variety of skills, such as landscape architecture and design, nature conservation, knowledge of plants, ecosystems, soil science, hydrology, cultural landscapes, etc. The provisions of the European Landscape Convention are important guidelines for the content and procedures of landscape planning.
[ CEMAT ]
land-use planning
Land-use planning is a branch of public policy which encompasses various disciplines seeking to order and regulate the use of land in an efficient way. It means the scientific, aesthetic and orderly disposition of land, resources, facilities and services with a view to securing the physical, economic, social and environmental efficiency, health and well-being of urban and rural communities.
[ CEMAT ]
P
physical planning
Physical planning is strongly related to land-use planning, urban design, transport planning, landscape planning, building plans, etc. It addresses activities which immediately affect and programme the physical structure and environment of cities and neighbourhoods (as opposed to economic planning or social planning activities).
[ CEMAT ]
R
region
The concept of region is a multi-dimensional one which may refer to:
- a geographical area which has a strong natural identity and homogeneity (for instance mountain or coastal region);
- a territory with a significant economic identity or homogeneity (for instance a space which is polarised around a metropolitan area, an area characterises by specific activities such as manufacturing industries);
- a political-administrative unit governed by an elected regional assembly or administered by representatives of the national administration;
- a territory with a particular cultural identity and history (regional language and culture, etc.).
[ CEMAT ]
regional development
Regional development is considered as both the increase of wealth in a region and the activities leading to that increase. Regional development has a strong economic orientation, although it may also include social and cultural considerations.
[ CEMAT ]
regional planning
Regional planning is a branch of land-use planning dealing with the organisation of infrastructure, settlement growth and non-built areas at the scale of a region. Regional planning generally contributes to regional development, but may also fulfil additional objectives, such as sustainability in the environmental sense. Regional planning is generally understood as the spatial planning activities at regional scale.
[ CEMAT ]
S
spatial planning
Definition 1: Regional/spatial planning gives geographical expression to the economic, social, cultural and ecological policies of society. It is at the same time a scientific discipline, an administrative technique and a policy developed as an interdisciplinary and comprehensive approach directed towards a balanced regional development and the physical organisation of space according to an overall strategy.
[ European Regional/Spatial Planning Charter, 1983 ]
Definition 2: Spatial planning refers to the methods used by the public sector to influence the distribution of people and activities in spaces at various scales as well as the location of the various infrastructures, recreation and nature areas.
Note: Spatial planning activities are carried out at different administrative or governmental levels (local, regional, national), while activities of co-operation in this field are also implemented in cross-border, transnational and European contexts.
[ CEMAT ]
spatial development
Spatial development refers to the evolution of territories in all their dimensions (economic, social, environmental, physical).
[ CEMAT ]
T
territorial development
Territorial development is understood as the process through which the geography of territories inhabited by human societies is progressively transformed. It involves physical components (infrastructure, landscapes and townscapes, etc.), but also the territorial structure or settlement pattern, i.e. the geographic distribution of population and human activities, in particular the size of and relationships between cities.
Territorial development is a comprehensive concept also used as an objective of public policies (“territorial development policy”). This comprehensive
character results from the fact that it does not only aim at economic growth in the respective regions, but also at sustainability in its economic,
social, environmental and cultural aspects. Territorial development has therefore a highly qualitative dimension requiring substantial amounts of
coherence in the conception and implementation of public policies.
[ CEMAT ]
town and country planning
Town and country planning is an expression originating from the UK (Town and Country Planning Act of 1947 adopted in the immediate post-war period in response to industrialisation and urbanisation) which has also been largely used on the whole European continent and comprises a sector of public policies encompassing various activities, such as land-use planning, urban design, landscape planning, urban renewal, transport planning, the development of facilities and utilities, etc. The global aim of town and country planning is to maintain a balance between economic development, social welfare and the environmental quality.
[ CEMAT ]
U
urban area
An urban area is an area which physically forms part of a town or city and is characterised by an important share of built-up surfaces, high density of population and employment and significant amounts of transport and other infrastructure (as opposed to rural areas). Urban areas may also comprise non built-up, green areas generally used for recreational purposes by urban dwellers.
[ CEMAT ]
urban planning
Urban, city or town planning is the planning discipline dealing with the physical, social, economic and environmental development of metropolitan regions, municipalities and neighbourhoods. The expression of urban planning consists in elaborating land-use and building plans as well as local building and environmental regulations.
Note: Historically (nineteenth century) urban planning was influenced by the newly formalised disciplines of architecture and civil engineering which began to codify both rational and stylistic approaches to solving city problems through physical design. During the twentieth century, the domain of urban planning was expanded to include economic development planning, community social planning and environmental planning.
[ CEMAT ]
REFERENCES
[CEMAT] Spatial development glossary - European Conference of Ministers Responsible for Regional/Spatial planning (CEMAT) 2007 (bilingual version) (Territory and landscape 2), Council of Europe Publishing PDF
[ELC] European Landscape Convention
[European Regional/Spatial Planning Charter, 1983]
[ISO 19101] - Geographic information - Reference model
[ISO 19107] - Geographic information - Spatial schema
[ISO/TS 19103] - Geographic information - Conceptual schema language
